Reconstruction of mammalian oocytes by germinal vesicle transfer: a systematic review

Nuclear transfer procedures have been recently applied for clinical and research targets as a novel assisted reproductive technique and were used for increasing the oocyte activity during its growth and maturation. In this review, we summarized the nuclear transfer technique for germinal vesicle stage oocytes to reconstruct the maturation of them. Our study covered publications between 1966 and August 2017. In result utilized germinal vesicle transfer techniques, fusion, and fertilization survival rate on five different mammalian species are discussed, regarding their potential clinical application. It seems that with a study on this method, there is real hope for effective treatments of old oocytes or oocytes containing mitochondrial problems in the near future

Lack of Association between rs4331426 Polymorphism in the Chr18q11.2 Locus and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an Iranian Population / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The effect of rs4331426 polymorphism in the Chr18q11.2 locus on pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) risk was evaluated.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This case-control study included 208 PTB patients and 204 healthy subjects. Genotyping of the rs4331426 variant was conducted using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of genotypes AA, AG, and GG polymorphisms were 83.1%, 15.9%, and 1.0% in the PTB group and 84.3%, 15.2%, and 0.5% in the control group, respectively. The frequency of the minor (G) allele was 8.9% in the PTB group and 8.1% in controls. Neither genotype nor allele frequencies of the rs4331426 variant showed statistically significant differences between PTB and controls. In addition, stratification by sex showed no significant association between the rs4331426 variant and PTB risk in males or females.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In conclusion, the results of this study do not support an association between the rs4331426 polymorphism and risk of PTB in an Iranian population.</p>

Toll-like Receptor 1 Polymorphisms Increased the Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an Iranian Population Sample / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

A case-control study was carried out that involved 203 individuals diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 203 healthy subjects. Genotyping of TLR1 rs5743551 and rs5743618 polymorphisms was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragments length polymorphism assay. We found that TLR1 rs5743551 variant affected the risk of PTB in the codominant (OR=3.28, 95% CI=1.98-5.45, P<0.0001, GA vs. GG; OR=1.86, 95% CI=1.05-3.28, P=0.033, AA vs. GG) and dominant (OR=2.69, 95% CI=1.67-4.34, P<0.0001, GA+AA vs. GG) inheritance models tested. The A allele was associated with a higher risk of PTB than the G allele (OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.01-1.75, P=0.049). The TG genotype of the rs5743618 variant significantly increased the risk of PTB compared to the risk associated with the TT genotype (OR=3.29, 95% CI=1.82-5.97, P<0.0001). The G allele was associated with a higher risk of PTB than the T allele (OR=3.00, 95% CI=1.69-5.31, P=0.0001). Our findings revealed that TLR1 rs5743551 and rs5743618 polymorphisms affected the risk of PTB in an Iranian population sample. Additional studies with larger sample sizes and involving subjects of different ethnicities are required to validate our present findings.

TIRAP rs8177374 gene polymorphism increased the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zahedan, southeast Iran

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the possible association between Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP; also known as MAL) rs1893352 and rs8177374 (S180L) gene polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in a sample of Iranian population.@*METHODS@#This case-control study was performed on 174 PTB and 177 healthy subjects. Tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) was used to detect the polymorphisms.@*RESULTS@#Our finding showed that neither the overall Chi-square comparison of PTB and control subjects nor the logistic regression analysis indicated any association between rs1893352 polymorphism and PTB. Regarding rs8177374 polymorphism, the CT genotype as well as CT+TT increased the risk of PTB in comparison with CC genotype (OR=4.73, 95% CI=2.65-8.45, P<0.0001 and OR=6.47, 95% CI=3.68-11.38, P<0.0001, respectively). The rs8177374 T allele increased the risk of PTB in comparison with C allele (OR=4.21, 95% CI=2.43-7.26, P<0.0001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our finding indicates that TIRAP rs8177374 polymorphism is associated with PTB in a sample of Iranian population.

Anti tuberculosis effect of ocimum sanctum extracts in in vitro and macrophage culture

This study was conducted to evaluate the anti Mycobacterium tuberculosis effects of Ocimum sanctum directly and in macrophage culture which were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis before treatment with different concentrations of this plant. Suspensions of bacteria were prepared in 7H9 broth and after Macrophage culture, cell suspensions of the M.tuberculosis were added to the attached macrophages. Adherent monolayers was disrupted and bacterial suspensions were serially diluted and plated onto Middle brook 7H10 agar plates. Colonies were counted under a dissecting microscope and reported as CFU. For each culture dilution, six replicate samples were plated and the mean number of colonies was calculated and then Intracellular and extra cellular killing of Ocimum sanctum extracts were measured by colony counting. Present findings showed that in a defined laboratory and macrophage culture, Ocimum sanctum has a potent anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effects both directly and in infected macrophage culture. In this study we confirmed anti-tuberculosis effects of different concentration of O. sanctum extracts in vitro and in Macrophage culture but key components of anti tuberculosis action of these extracts and their mechanisms of actions must be discovered in future researches

[Determination of sensitivity and specificity of PCR in comparison with culture in diagnosis of infection with M. tuberculosis]

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases of human. Before application of the molecular methods, because of the long duration of diagnostic- microbiologic procedures [culture and biochemical tests], the diagnosis and beginning of the therapy required experience and clinical intelligence. The diagnostic microscopic assessment methods of the smear and culture of the specimens have their own limitations, one of which is the slow growth of mycobacteria [4-8 weeks] in the culture media.Nevertheless, achievement to the more rapid diagnostic procedures is the main aim in this regard. From the beginning of the last decade, PCR and other more rapid diagnostic assays for the diagnosis of the infections due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been used

Objective: Since no laboratory diagnostic procedure has been known as the alternative to the culture, this study has been done for determination of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the PCR test in comparison to the culture in this center

Materials and Methods: In this study, 169 specimens from the patients with positive smears were cultured on the Lowenstein- Jensen media and after subculturing and related biochemical tests, the results obtained were compared with PCR test results [with IS 6110 target and Dra, Drb primers]

Results: Obtained data showed that from 169 smear positive cases, there were 150 positive cultures and after doing biochemical tests, 86 cases were detected as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. According to these results, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the PCR test in this center were 91.86%, 96.87%, 97.53% and 89.85% respectively

Conclusion: Concomitant use of PCR with culture and biochemical tests is recommended

Recurrent non-typhoidal salmonella bacteremia in a patient with interleukin -12p40 deficiency

The South eastern region of Iran is an endemic area for salmonellosis. Sometimes bacteremia due to nontyphoidal salmonella occurs but certain patients are at increased risk for recurrent bacteremia. The risk of invasive salmonellosis and recurrent bacteremia is increased in the patients with immunosuppression, especially impaired cell-mediated immunity, lymphoproliferative diseases and in patients with IL-12 deficiency. In recent years, a series of inherited disorders of IL-12-IFN-gamma axis have been described that predispose affected individuals to disseminated disease caused by environmental mycobacteria and non-typhoidal salmonella. We report here the first such patient originating from and living in Iran. The patient was a 26-year-old man, suffering from IL-12p40 deficiency and presented with recurrent episodes of systemic salmonellosis. This report indicates that there are patients with inherited defects of the IL-12-IFN-gamma circuit in Iran. We recommended to consider this group of disorders in all patients with recurrent non-typhoidal salmonella bacteremia, wherever they are found